Friday, 3 November 2017

GENDER Health Hindi






























Madhu Nagla

The theoretical perspectives explain the unequal position of women either due to patriarchal structure, biological phenomenon , differential development , dependency on men, etc. Besides these , the role wo.en play in a particular society and the images they develop are not simply from exigencies of biology , development and social situations , but are rather deeply rooted in the myths , legends , religion and culture.
  The demographic situation in India and Haryana as well is averse to the females . Excess female child mortality after birth continues to be the dominant practice in removing female children. Sex selection abortion is also accounted for gender bias and making sex ratio unfavourable to women. Early marriage and more number of pregnancies result in higher maternal mortality rates. Nutrition is an important element in preserving health. Within households ,women and girls are often discriminated against in food allocation. This type of discrimination starts from child birth , with male baby being nursed for longer duration than baby girls and continues over the life time. Adolescence is the period of growth and the girls get less than the required daily allowance of nutrients; as a result of this they do not achieve their growth potential causing risks during the critical child bearing years. In the old age also women bear the burden of malnutrition that started very early in life.  Also ,in time of food shortages , elderly women are most likely to be more affected.
     Women of all ages have only poor access to the health care system but are also less likely to use it. Gender bias in accessing and using health care starts early in life. More boys are brought to clinics for treatment than girls. Girls are provided with poorer medical care. This type of gender discrimination continues in later life as well , where woman may downplay their morbidities , attempt home remedies and seek traditional medical treatment before reaching the hospital. Health care utilization behaviour of elderly women will also continue when the pattern is set up in childhood.
    Further , the balatant targeting of women in family planning programmes has also adversely affected their health. The lack of information and availability of different family planning methods has its bearing on women's health. If the methods of family planning are limited and women cannot control them , they have to depend on medical staff.
Disproportionate emphasis on female sterilization , in conjunction with a lack of concern about health outcomes for women , is a manifestation of gender inequality built in the state government programmes as well as in to Indian Society .
Source:  Gender and Health book - Madhu Nagla